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History of the Red River

Sunset over red river during winter
A highway for trade and wonder of nature, the Red River is one of the most distinguishable landscape features of the northern Great Plains. Learn about the Red River's history and explore its connection to the people of the region with Rydell Nissan of Grand Forks.

Red River Geography

Image via Unsplash by jasonbrojas
To understand the Red River's history, you should understand a bit about the river's geography and the landscape that surrounds it. The Red River begins at the intersection of the Bois de Sioux and the Otter Tail rivers between the U.S. states of Minnesota and North Dakota. Winding through the Red River Valley, the Red River flows north into Manitoba, Canada, where it ultimately empties into Lake Winnipeg. The waters of Lake Winnipeg, in turn, join the Nelson River, which flows into the Hudson Bay. To distinguish it from the similarly named Red River that forms the border along the U.S. states of Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas, the Red River often carries the name Red River of the North. Urban settlements occupy both sides of the Red River. These settlements include Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Fargo and Grand Forks, North Dakota; and Moorhead, Minnesota.

River Depths and Wildlife Habitats

According to data from the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, the Red River is about 550 miles long with average depths from 10 to 30 feet. Clay soils in the region give this river its distinguishable opaque appearance. During the winter months, you may be able to see at least a foot or more into the water, but visibility becomes considerably diminished during the summer. Except for floods, the Red River moves at a leisurely pace through the northern Great Plains region's picturesque landscapes. The river's tree-covered banks are home to various wildlife species that depend on the habitats for food and shelter.

Landscapes of the Red River Valley

Located on the eastern edge of the Great Plains, the Red River Valley isn't an actual geological valley. When the glacial Lake Agassiz drained thousands of years ago, the release of water created a geographic anomaly in the landscape that surrounds the Red River. The plant and wildlife species that inhabit the area surrounding the river don't exist beyond a 10-mile radius of the river corridor. The muddy banks of the Red River often reveal intriguing artifacts from history. You may sometimes see exposed bison bones in the mud and silt along the banks.

A Peek Into the Red River's Past

Map of European settlements in Northern part of North America
Image via Unsplash by britishlibrary
Massive glaciers once covered the land that now comprises the Red River Valley. As these glaciers began to recede, nomadic tribes arrived in the region. These tribes followed herds of bison and caribou through Minnesota and Wisconsin's forests into the Red River Basin's open lands.

European Settlements

According to a narrative provided by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, European settlers first arrived to settle on the Red River's banks during the early 1800s in the area of present-day Manitoba. French-Canadian explorers referred to the river as "Riviere Rouge du Nord," or the Red River of the North. This name follows from the reference to the river's clay soils, muddy banks, and silt-filled waters.

Trade Routes

During the early part of the 19th century, the Red River served as a significant trade route for the Hudson's Bay Company, which supported the British settlements of North America in present-day Canada. The Hudson's Bay Company used its early influence in the region to control the area's commerce for close to two centuries. The Red River was instrumental to the Hudson's Bay Company's transportation of beaver pelts and bison hides. Merchants used large boats and canoes to send these desirable commodities to Europe through the Hudson Bay. Eventually, entrepreneurial engineers devised the Red River's oxcart trail. This trail connected the Red River's trade route with that of the Mississippi River and routes serving other areas of the United States. As trade in the region further expanded, so too did the demand for more transportation efficiencies. Anson Northup, a 100-horsepower sternwheel riverboat, connected the Red River's oxcart trail system with the Hudson's Bay Company's steamboat docking landing near Georgetown, Minnesota. The extension of the railroad to Moorhead, Minnesota, in 1871 offered a less expensive, faster alternative to steamboats for transportation. By the turn of the 20th century, steamboat transportation slowly ceased activity on the Red River of the North.

The Red River Today

View from fisherman's perspective casting reel into river with left hand
Image via Unsplash by bradydrogers<
Today, the Red River is a popular spot for outdoor enthusiasts. Discover some of the activities that await you on and near the river.

Canoeing and Kayaking

Explore the Red River by canoe or kayak. Lindenwood Park in Fargo and the Hjemkomst Center's parking lot in Moorhead are two places you can go to rent a canoe or kayak for your next adventure.

Fishing

Head to the Red River for some of the best fishing you can find in the northern Great Plains region. More than 70 species of fish call the Red River home. Examples of fish present in the Red River include pike, sturgeon, walleye, and catfish. You can find a list and map of public access spots for fishing on the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources website.

Biking and Hiking

Bike or hike along the banks of the Red River. You'll find miles of trails ideally suited to strolling and off-road biking. Lindenwood Park and Gooseberry Mound Park in Moorhead make exceptional places to witness the Red River's beauty in person.

Stay Tuned for More Local Tips for the Grand Forks Area

Throughout the centuries, the Red River has remained an integral part of the Grand Forks region's landscape. More than merely a geographic feature, the Red River's remarkable history is a source of pride for the people, past and present, who have called this area home. What did you think about our presentation on the history of the Red River? Do you have a favorite memory of the Red River that you'd like to share? Contact the friendly team of Rydell Nissan of Grand Forks with your thoughts about what the Red River means to you.
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Fresh Pickins Antique store.

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Hamburger at Darcy's Cafe.

5 Best Lunch Spots in Thompson, ND

Lunch is the often forgotten meal of the day. Many people rush through it just to get something that will keep them satisfied until dinner while others see it as an inconvenient necessity. However, this sometimes overlooked meal is an important part of your daily schedule that provides an opportunity for you to enjoy some quality food. Whether you're from Thompson, North Dakota, or are just visiting the Grand Forks area, you'll be pleasantly surprised with the unique eateries and diners you'll find ready to serve you. Read on to learn about our staff's suggestions for the top five best lunch spots near and in Thompson, North Dakota. more Darcy's Cafe Image via Flickr by adactio | License CC by 2.0 Darcy's Cafe is the perfect destination to head to when you're needing some quality comfort food to get you through the day. 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Agassiz Natural Wildlife Refuge

Fun Ways to Spend the Day in Thief River Falls

Just 50 miles east of Grand Forks is the charming town of Thief River Falls, Minnesota. The area offers many outdoor recreation opportunities and plenty of fun family activities. Whether you live in Thief River Falls or you're just visiting, check out the Rydell Nissan of Grand Forks team's list of fun things to do. more Go Bird Watching at Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge Image via Flickr by Joe Passe CC BY-SA by 2.0 Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge is one of the nation's top destinations for wildlife viewing and bird watching. The 61,500-acre wildlife refuge, established in 1937, is home to sandhill cranes, black terns, yellow-headed blackbirds, night herons, and five species of grebes. Most years, as many as 250 pairs of Canadian geese and 7,500 pairs of ducks nest at Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge, and the refuge hosts one of the largest colonies of Franklin's gulls. Within the refuge, you'll find the 4,000-acre Agassiz Wilderness Area, which is home to more than 300 resident and migratory bird species. In addition, you can find over 50 species of mammals (including two packs of eastern gray wolves), 12 species of amphibians, and nine species of reptiles. Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge, considered a Globally Important Bird Area, is rich with wetlands, marshes, and shorelines. So pack a lunch, bring your binoculars, and make a day of bird-watching. You can access the refuge from its headquarters at 22996 290th Street Northeast, in Middle River. Feel Like a Settler at Peder Engelstad Pioneer Village Experience what pioneer life in Minnesota was like in the 1800s when you visit Peder Engelstad Pioneer Village. As you explore the 19 buildings scattered throughout the pioneer village, look for artifacts, farm tools and equipment, and interactive displays that tell stories of how the people of Pennington County lived and survived. The kids will get a kick out of seeing the old train, barbershop, and log cabins. As you step into the white church, you'll feel a sense of reverence to the many pioneers and settlers that once attended its services. Peder Engelstad Pioneer Village is open from Memorial Day weekend to Labor Day weekend, and it's located at 825 Oakland Park Road in Thief River Falls. Have a Meal at the Hive Bar & Grill While you can find plenty of restaurants to enjoy in Thief River Falls, the Hive Bar & Grill is a local favorite. With an extensive menu, including a kids menu, everyone in the family can find something to satisfy their palate at the Hive Bar & Grill. Appetizers range from boneless chicken wings with a variety of dipping sauces to deep-fried pickles. Grab a salad, wrap, or sandwich for a light lunch, or indulge in a specialty burger like the south-of-the-border-inspired Queso Burger. If you're looking for local fare, enjoy the Midwest walleye dinner, whiskey-marinated sirloin steak, or the grilled salmon dinner. Enjoy dining at this beloved grill located at 1582 Highway 59 SE. Play Games at Falls Stay N Play So much more than a travel stop, Falls Stay N Play offers camping with hot showers and a laundry facility, a picnic shelter, a deli, and games for the entire family. After traveling, stretch your legs playing mini-golf on the 18-hole course filled with fun and challenging obstacles. If you like to race around a go-kart track, you're in luck. Falls Stay N Play offers a 1,100-foot gas-powered go-kart track that's sure to give a thrill. Whether you're just passing through or staying at Falls Stay N Play, set aside time to check out the arcade room and play all your favorite arcade and video games. The facility is located at 17107 U.S. Highway 59 Northeast, and many of its features and attractions are open 24/7. Play Poker at Seven Clans Casino As soon as you step inside the Seven Clans Casino, you'll feel the warmth of the lodge-like interior and friendly staff. The casino's Thief River Falls location has delighted guests and visitors for more than 30 years. When you come for gaming, you won't be disappointed by the more than 650 gaming machines on the casino floor. You can also try your hand at the four live blackjack tables that make you feel like you're in Las Vegas. Plan on staying for a few days at the Seven Clans Casino Hotel that offers luxury accommodations with a touch of rustic Northwoods appeal. With over 152 nonsmoking rooms to choose from, you can find the right accommodation to fit your needs. Of course, you won't go hungry staying at the Seven Clans Casino. Enjoy top-notch food at the River Road Cafe or the Triple Sevens Walk-Up Eatery. If you decide to stay for a few days, everyone in the family can have a blast at the casino's water park. This 40,000-square-foot indoor water park has something fun for everyone in the family. The Seven Clans Casino is located at 20595 Center Street East, in Thief River Falls. Enjoy Leaf Peeping at Old Mill State Park When you visit Old Mill State Park, you can learn about the history of the Thief River Falls area while enjoying the colorful fall leaf-peeping opportunities. Stop by the old flour mill and log cabin by the Middle River to see how the early homesteaders from the 1880s made flour from locally grown wheat. The Old Mill State Park is also a great place to bird-watch, and if you'd like to spend a few days seeing the leaves turn colors, you can camp at the state park campground. Other attractions include a swimming area, wildlife viewing opportunities, a swinging bridge, interpretive displays, and picnic areas. Old Mill State Park is located at 33489 240th Avenue Northwest, in Argyle. There you have Rydell Nissan of Grand Forks' six fun things to do while visiting Thief River Falls. What was your favorite activity or place to visit? What did the kids like doing best? If we missed a unique location or activity in Thief River Falls, please let us know, and we can add it to our list.